Civil engineering study

Introduction: Civil Engineering study is dependent upon measuring, recording and attracting to scale the physical characteristics on the surface of the earth. For distinctive overview destinations, diverse devices and review gear is utilized. The surveyor utilization instruments for measuring, a field book for recording and these days looking over virtual products for plotting and attracting to scale the site characteristics.

Study of Civil Engineering

Study of civil engineering has contained on many different subjects. There are such types of civil engineering subjects are mentioned under here.                                                                                   

1.Surveying

2.Drafting  

3.Quantity survey 

4.Construction 

5.Mechanics of structure

6.Soil mechanics

 

Surveying
 

1. Surveying: In civil engineering the field of surveying is the most necessary and popular for the construction of works where we collect the necessary information and that information’s has been appeared on the drawing sheet before the starting of project by the surveying. After surveying of project we come to know about the dimensions and map. After that we start our work the supervision of map and dimensions of project.

Definition of survey: In the civil engineering survey stands to collect necessary information about any area and project. These information's are appeared on drawing sheet. The procedure of survey is called as surveying. There are main two  types of survey. One is plain survey and second is geodetic  survey.






2. Drafting: Drafting field is most popular and necessary field of civil engineering without this field we can not start the work on project and can not find estimate of project. There fore after the surveying of project we draw a map of project according to their dimension and survey details.

3.Quantity Survey: In civil engineering the quantity survey is the most necessary survey where we find the cost of project before its staring work on project. We have guessed the cost of project that, how many amounts, would need to complete the project by quantity survey. Quantity survey is the most popular field of civil engineering where we calculate the quantity of every using material on project then we find the rates of material by their quantity and at last we can find the total cost of project. There are three important things need to estimate any project one is drawing of project second thing is specifications of the using material on project and third necessary thing is present  rates of the materials.

4. Construction: Construction is the basic field and subject of civil engineering where we learn  about the procedures of different works  that how we can build any structure. For example the procedure of construction buildings, Roads, Reservoirs, Dams, Channels, and many others etc..

Civil Technalogist-Roles and Responsiblities

Civil work
 

Introduction: Civil technology is the famous and vast side  of  technology. This is the type of technology which contains with the construction and building, bridges, reservoirs, design of highways, tunnels and other several facilities. Civil technologists have a great deal of responsility in their side. The are directly responsible for the management and planning of construction to take place. Not  only do they aid in designing but also take an effective part in estimating, scheduling, obtaining materials, planning, costs, controlling costs and selecting equipment that is be used. In the field of a construction civil technologists, construction design of the process analysis, mathematics and science all are very important and necessary. Civil technologists are directly responsible for the construction of many proper buildings that you come across on a daily basis.
There are two crucial aspects within this field. You may difficulty in consulting both a civil technology and constructing a civil technologist. They key responsibility of a consulting civil technologist is regarding designing of the project while contracting civil technologists deal with the actual construction where they play a significant roll in transforming a planed designed layout into real architecture. Moreover, being a civil engineer, there are many further specialization that are an essential part of the sector.
A civil technologist job is engaged in different activities starting from the selection of land to the final construction. Some of the responsibilities and key roles of a civil technologist are as follows.


1. A civil technologist start from analyzing many areas and factors that are link to designing and construction.
2. Search, enquire and check the location of field and conform whether it is appropriate for construction purposes.
3.This is the job of civil technologist to work according to a plan with regards what are the key essential and what necessities to be modified before the construction start.
4. Check and approve project reports and designs.
5. A civil technologist should develop detailed design layout that covers the requirement the client.
6. Asses both challenges and potential risks of the planed project.
7. A civil technologist's job includes putting across construction proposal and site to the specified and supervising the tendering process.
8. The civil technologist most also check if all tools and methods like procedures of chemical testing, land surveying, drafting software .
9. Set a complete schedule for purchase of tools and raw material.
10. The civil technologist should ensure the project is completing on time within the planned project.

AFFECTING THE FACTORS ON CONCRETE'S PROPERTIES

Introduction: The fresh concrete is week but the concrete placing after some days It will be strong able  to take load and slowly its strength will be high. During the preparation of concrete we should have to properly take care of the selection ratio and need to look after the placing concrete still to two weeks. That's why, This is the time where some reactions have been affected on concrete's strength and on its property. Some factors they affected on  concrete are given here.
 
1. Quality of  ingredients.
2. Ratio of concrete.
3. Mixing technique.
4. Transportation.
5. Placing.
6. Curing.
7. Environment.



Concrete
 

1.Quality of ingredients: During the preparation of concrete their are used different components. They are affected on concrete's quality. We use the cement in concrete that is affected on concrete's properties and on other qualities of concrete. If we use quick setting time of cement in concrete so concrete will get good strength in minimum time and If we use expanding cement in concrete so concrete without freezing it will be expend. The using of other components are also affected on concrete's strength like that aggregates and water quality. If the course aggregate prepared by hard stone.That type of aggregate is better for the quality of concrete. If the unnecessary and harmful minerals or other impurities are include in water so, concrete quality can not be good for the concrete. We want to get proper properties from concrete then the preparation of concrete we should also include compulsory components and admixtures to get good strength of concrete.

2. Ratio of concrete: We prepare concrete according to ratio of different components. They are affected on concrete's strength and on its property. If we use more cement in concrete. So  as well the strength of concrete will be high. Rich concrete has unobserved soft surface.  The size of aggregates also affected on concrete's properties. The size of aggregate should use some big but in possible limit. The voids of components ratio should be minimum in fresh concrete. So concrete's strength will be increase and also be increase porosity of concrete.

3. Mixing method of concrete: If the technique of mixing concrete will be better as result concrete can get good strength. The concrete's mixing method should be good so that after the concrete ratio mixing, the concrete should appear equal all the parts of  concrete ratio.

4. Transportation and placing: If we have to transfer the fresh concrete one place to another place in minimum time.  That time, we should care and use proper technique. During the placing of concrete its components should not be separate to one another and should not mix other to create bad affected components for example clay and  organic things.

5. Curing: To do curing of concrete as result the concrete's strength will be high day by day. That's why, the need of water quantity for the setting concrete. During  preparation of concrete the fresh concrete has loosed its water quantity and need more water in setting time. So, we do curing of concrete to get good strength and impervious.

Some Tests Of Cement

Different Tests Of Cement To Check Its Quality

test of cement

Introduction: These are need to be adopted for testing two ways and methods. One is field based testing and second is laboratories testing. There are some tests to check the quality of cement. These are nearly 6 tests of cement under here with detail about their objective that, why we do practical of these tests and what we can gain to do these type of practical's.

 

1.  Fineness test of cement.
2.  Setting time test of cement.
3.  Soundness test of cement.                      
4.  Compression test cement.                                                  
5.  Tensile test of cement.
6.  Consistency test of cement.

1.  Fineness test:- Fineness test  is analyzed to find the strength of cement. If the cement is more crushed then its early strength will be increase. Its heat will be release and cracks appears on cement due to shrinkage. Standard  sieve is used for this purpose. There are used sieve no170 of  British standard type for this purpose.

cement test
 

2.  Setting time test of cement:-This is analyzed to check the cement that is fresh or can be old as result the cement is weak.Its second purpose is that to find difference b/w ordinary Portland cement and quick setting cement as result we find initial setting time of cement and final setting time of cement by this test.

3.  Soundness test of cement:-Soundness test is analyzed after setting of cement that to find changing its volume. There are many reasons to create changing in volume of cement. Actually, due to late setting of cement past, free limes and other components.

4.  Compression test of cement:-This is the best test to find compressive strength of cement that how much load takes the cement.

5.  Tensile test of cement:-With the help of this test to find tensile strength of cement and It is called also briquette test..

6.  Consistency test of cement:-Consistency test of cement is need to prepare the best past of cement and give the best quality for cement. So, we use this type of test is called consistency test.

 

RCC WORK

RCC WORK
 

Introduction: In the RCC work the steel has used with concrete. The steel and concrete both should be monolithic each other. Some necessary properties of both materials are given under here.

 

 

1. Both materials should make strong bond between them.

2. Both materials co-efficient of thermal expansion nearly should be equal.

3. They should be strong with each other.

4. They should not be reacted any bad  chemical   between them.

5. These materials should avail easily and in low price.

6. During the steel cutting, binding and welding should be easy.

Note: The concrete and steel have above all  properties.

PCC AND RCC WORK

(1)  RCC:Reinforced cement concrete. (2) PCC:Plain cement concrete



RCC WORK

Introduction: Reinforced cement concrete consist on five type of materials such as cement ,aggregates, steel, sand and water. During preparation of concrete should need suitable tempreture.This suitable temperature is 18 degree centigrade to 21 degree centigrade. First of all we prepare the frame of structure according to given design. Second we lay the steel of frame and third we preparation of concrete.

 

 



Q1.What is the procedure of preparation concrete?

CONCRETE
 

Answer: First of all we check the specification of materials. Are they  materials according to specification. Then we pile material on clean place. First we aggregates lay on place according to volume then add sand, cement and after that mix with water  according to given ratio. We can also mixing by machine or hands. If we have a large work then concrete mix by machine otherwise we can mix by hand. At last passing after that process we require the concrete. Now concrete is ready to lay on the frame work. After a day we should do curing of concrete.


 

 Q2. How we can achieve good strength of concrete?

Answer: We has achieve nearly 50  person strength concrete placing after 3 days from total days of 28.7 days after It has achieve 70 person strength. It has understood that 28 days after strength has been completed.
 

Q3.Why  we use retarders and accelerators and give their names?

When the temperature fall into freezing point that time we use accelerators for  quick setting of concrete. So concrete set on time and durable so as when the temperature will be very hot in summer season that time, the water of concrete hydrate before the setting of concrete. Such as it's strength will be reduce. Therefore, we use many type of retarders to achieve quality of strength. Some of retarders and accelerators are given under.

Retarders                                              Accelerators